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The presumptuous philosopher
It is the year 2100 and physicists have narrowed down the search for a theory of everything to only two remaining plausible candidate theories: T1 and T2 (using considerations from super-duper symmetry). According to T1 the world is very, very big but finite and there are a total of a trillion trillion observers in the cosmos. According to T2, the world is very, very, very big but finite and there are a trillion trillion trillion observers. The super-duper symmetry considerations are indifferent between these two theories. Physicists are preparing a simple experiment that will falsify one of the theories. Enter the presumptuous philosopher: ''Hey guys, it is completely unnecessary for you to do the experiment, because I can already show you that T2 is about a trillion times more likely to be true than T1!''
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Another presumptuous philosopher
It is the year 2100 and humanity has succeeded in the twin feats of (a) establishing that we are alone in the universe, and (b) once and for all solving xrisk, so that there is no longer any risk for permature extinction of humanity: our civilization will persist until the end of time. Physicists are on the verge of accomplishing a third feat, namely (c) finding the true and final theory of everything. They have narrowed down the search to only two remaining plausible candidate theories: T1 and T2 (using considerations from super-duper symmetry). According to T1 the world will last for a very, very long but finite amount of time, and there will be a total of a trillion trillion observers in the cosmos. According to T2, the world will last for a very, very, very long but finite amount of time, and there will be a trillion trillion trillion observers. The super-duper symmetry considerations are indifferent between these two theories. Physicists are preparing a simple experiment that will falsify one of the theories. Enter the SSA-adhering presumptuous philosopher: ''Hey guys, it is completely unnecessary for you to do the experiment, because I can already show you that T1 is about a trillion times more likely to be true than T2!''
2) I am here glossing over what ''random'' means (typically a uniform distribution, either over observers or so-called observer-moments), and even more so the meaning of ''relevant'', but the reader can rest assured that both Bostrom and 20 years of commentators treat these issues at length.
3) Olum (2002) suggests, for the same purpose, a different modification of Bostrom's original thought experiment. Here, super-duper symmetry comes with a vaguely Occam-like principle where, a priori, a theory of everything has probability inversely proportional to the size of the resulting universe. Bostrom and Cirkovic (2003), however, dismiss the example as far-fetched. I am not sure I find that dismissal convincing, but be that as it may, I still hope the modification I propose here is more to their taste.
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